William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale, KT, DL (29 January 1826 – 25 November 1911), known before 1878 as Lord William Hay or Lord William Montagu Hay, was a Scottish landowner, peer and politician. He was born at

Yester House Yester House is an early 18th-century mansion near Gifford in East Lothian, Scotland. It was the home of the Hay family, later Marquesses of Tweeddale, from the 15th century until the late 1960s. Construction of the present house began in 1699 ...

, near Gifford, East Lothian, and served in

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...

as a member of the Bengal Civil Service and later as a

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ...

. In 1878 he succeeded his brother as

Marquess of Tweeddale Marquess of Tweeddale (sometimes spelled ''Tweedale'') is a title of the Peerage of Scotland, created in 1694 for the 2nd Earl of Tweeddale. Lord Tweeddale holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Tweeddale (created 1646), Earl of Gifford (1694), ...

and as owner of some 40,000 acres in Scotland. He went on to become Lord High Commissioner to the

General Assembly of the Church of Scotland The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body.''An Introduction to Practice and Procedure in the Church of Scotland'' by A. Gordon McGillivray, ...

and was appointed a

Knight of the Thistle A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

Early life

Hay was born at

on 29 January 1826. He was the third son (of six sons and eight daughters) born to Lady Susan Montagu and

George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale Field Marshal George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale (1 February 1787 – 10 October 1876) was a British soldier and administrator. He served as a staff officer in the Peninsular War under Arthur Wellesley and was with Wellesley at the Second B ...

(1787–1876).George Edward Cokayne, ed. Vicary Gibbs, ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain'', vol. 12, part 2 (1959), p. 84 Among his many prominent siblings were Lady Susan Hay (wife of James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie), Lady Hannah Hay (wife of Simon Watson Taylor), Lady Elizabeth Hay (wife of Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington),

George Hay, Earl of Gifford George Hay, Earl of Gifford (26 April 1822 – 22 December 1862) was a British Liberal Party politician. Lord Gifford was born at Yester House, the eldest son of the 8th Marquess of Tweeddale. He was educated at Trinity College and Trinit ...

, Lord Arthur, later Earl of Gifford and later 9th Marquess of Tweeddale, Lord John Hay, Lady Jane Hay (wife of Sir Richard Taylor), and Lady Emily Hay (wife of Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet). His paternal grandfather was

George Hay, 7th Marquess of Tweeddale George Hay, 7th Marquess of Tweeddale DL (1753 – 9 August 1804) was a Scottish peer. Early life Hay was born at Newhall in East Lothian, Scotland. He was the son of John Hay (d. 1765) and Dorothy ( Hayhurst) Hay (d. 1808). His siblings i ...

and Lady Hannah Charlotte Maitland (a daughter of

James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale James Maitland, 7th Earl of Lauderdale (25 January 1718 – 17 August 1789), and was one of the sixteen representative peers for Scotland in the House of Lords. Life James Maitland was born the eldest son of Charles Maitland, 6th Earl of Laud ...

). His maternal grandparents were

William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester Colonel William Montagu, 5th Duke of Manchester (21 October 177118 March 1843), styled Viscount Mandeville until 1788, was a British peer, soldier, colonial administrator and politician. He was Governor of Jamaica from 1808 to 1827, and Manches ...

and Lady Susan Gordon (third daughter of Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon). As the third son of a Marquess who was not expected to inherit the title, Hay was educated at the

Imperial Service College The Imperial Service College (ISC) was an English independent school based in Windsor, originally known as St. Mark's School when it was founded in 1845. In 1906, St Mark’s School absorbed boys from the former United Services College, which ha ...

and prepared for a career in the Civil Service.

Career

From 1845 to 1862, he served in the Bengal Civil Service, including some years as Deputy Commissioner of Simla and then as Superintendent of the

Hill States The Hill States of India were princely states lying in the northern border regions of the British Indian Empire. History During the colonial Raj period, two groups of princely states in direct relations with the Province of British Punja ...

of Northern India, during which time he leased

The Retreat The Retreat, commonly known as the York Retreat, is a place in England for the treatment of people with mental health needs. Located in Lamel Hill in York, it operates as a not for profit charitable organisation. Opened in 1796, it is famous ...

Mashobra Mashobra is a town in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. It is connected to the state capital Shimla (erstwhile Simla) through the historic Hindustan–Tibet Road built in 1850 by Lord Dalhousie. Geography Mashobra is located at . It has an ...

.'Tweeddale, 10th Marquess of (born 29 Jan. 1826, died 25 Nov. 1911)' in '' Who Was Who 1897–1915'' (London: A. & C. Black, 1988 reprint: ) Following his permanent return from India Hay was

for

Taunton Taunton () is the county town of Somerset, England, with a 2011 population of 69,570. Its thousand-year history includes a 10th-century monastic foundation, Taunton Castle, which later became a priory. The Normans built a castle owned by the ...

from 1865 to 1868, and was elected again for Haddington Burghs in 1878. He also became Chairman of the

North British Railway Company The North British Railway was a British railway company, based in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was established in 1844, with the intention of linking with English railways at Berwick. The line opened in 1846, and from the outset the company followe ...

. After succeeding his brother

Arthur Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. Another theory, more wi ...

on 29 December 1878, he became the owner of estates totalling some 40,000 acres in Scotland. In 1881 he was created Baron Tweeddale of Yester in the peerage of the United Kingdom, giving him a seat in the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminste ...

. As well as being Hereditary Chamberlain of Dunfermline, he was Lord High Commissioner to the

from 1889 to 1892 and, again, from 1896 to 1897.

Honours

On 26 October 1898 Tweeddale was appointed a

and was invested at

Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is strongly associated with the English and succeeding British royal family, and embodies almost a millennium of architectural history. The original c ...

on 8 December. He was also a Deputy Lieutenant for the counties of

Haddingtonshire East Lothian (; sco, East Lowden; gd, Lodainn an Ear) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, as well as a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area. The county was called Haddingtonshire until 1921. In 1975, the histo ...

(now called East Lothian and

Berwickshire Berwickshire ( gd, Siorrachd Bhearaig) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in south-eastern Scotland, on the English border. Berwickshire County Council existed from 1890 until 1975, when the area became part of t ...

) and a Brigadier-General of the

Royal Company of Archers The Royal Company of Archers, The King's Bodyguard for Scotland is a ceremonial unit that serves as the Sovereign's bodyguard in Scotland—a role it has performed since 1822 during the reign of King George IV when the company provided a per ...

, a ceremonial unit that serves as the

Sovereign's Bodyguard Sovereign's Bodyguard is the name given to three ceremonial units in the United Kingdom who are tasked with guarding the Sovereign. These units are: * His Majesty's Body Guard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Armsformed 1509 * King's Bo ...

in Scotland.

Personal life

On 18 May 1878, Lord Tweeddale was married to Candida Louise Bartolucci (1854–1925) at St Augustine's Church, London. Candida was a daughter of Signor Vincenzo Bartolucci of

Cantiano Cantiano is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about 100 km (62 mi) west of Ancona and about 70 km (44 mi) southwest of Pesaro. The Burano Burano is an i ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

. Candida's sister, Evelyn Bartolucci, was the second wife of Adm. Sir

Astley Cooper Key Admiral Sir Astley Cooper Key, (18 January 1821 – 3 March 1888) was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado in November 1845 during the Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata and too ...

. Together, William and Candida were the parents of: * Lady Susan Elizabeth Clementine Hay (1879–1964), who married Walter Waring, MP, son of

Charles Waring Charles Waring (1827 – 26 August 1887) was a Liberal Party and Liberal Unionist Party politician. Waring was elected Liberal MP for Poole in 1865 but, when the seat was reduced to one member in 1868, he failed to retain the seat. He stood aga ...

, MP, in 1901. * Lady Candida Louisa Hay (1882–1882), who died at birth. *

William Hay, 11th Marquess of Tweeddale William George Montagu Hay, 11th Marquess of Tweeddale JP (4 November 1884 – 30 March 1967) was a Scottish aristocrat, land owner and soldier. Early life William George Montagu Hay was born on 4 November 1884. He was the eldest son of Willi ...

(1884–1967), who married Marguerite Christine Ralli, daughter of Alexander Ralli and step daughter of

Lewis Einstein Lewis David Einstein (March 15, 1877 – December 4, 1967) was an American diplomat and historian. Early life Einstein was born on March 15, 1877, in New York City. He was the only son of wool magnate David Lewis Einstein (1839–1909) and, his ...

, in 1912. * Lord Arthur Vincent Hay (1886–1914), who was killed in action in the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

during the

First Battle of the Aisne The First Battle of the Aisne (french: 1re Bataille de l'Aisne) was the Allied follow-up offensive against the right wing of the German First Army (led by Alexander von Kluck) and the Second Army (led by Karl von Bülow) as they retreated a ...

. He married Menda Ralli, only daughter of Ambrose Ralli, in 1911. After his death, she married Col. Robert Edward Kennard Leatham. * Lt. Col. Lord Edward Douglas Hay (1888–1944), who married Violet Florence Catherine "Bridget" Barclay, only daughter of Maj. Cameron Barclay, in 1917. He died on 25 November 1911 at his house in London, 6 Hill Street,''The Electrical Journal'', vol. 68 (1912), p. 309 and was succeeded by his eldest son, the Earl of Gifford (born 1884). He is buried at

Yester Parish Church Yester Parish Church is a church of the Church of Scotland in the village of Gifford, East Lothian, Scotland. The village forms part of Yester, Bolton and Saltoun parish, and is a linked charge with Humbie Parish Church. History and design ...

Gifford, East Lothian } Gifford is a village in the parish of Yester in East Lothian, Scotland. It lies approximately south of Haddington and east of Edinburgh. It groups around the Colstoun Water (locally called Gifford Water) at the junction of the B6369 and B6 ...

, close to his family home at

Descendants

As his eldest son died without male issue, David George Montagu Hay, the son of his youngest son Lord Edward Douglas Hay, became the 12th

in 1967.

References

External links

William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale
at National Portrait Gallery, London {{DEFAULTSORT:Tweeddale, William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess Of 1826 births 1911 deaths People from East Lothian People educated at the Imperial Services College Members of the Royal Company of Archers Deputy Lieutenants of East Lothian 10 Liberal Party (UK) hereditary peers Hay, William Hay, William Hay, William Hay, William UK MPs who inherited peerages UK MPs who were granted peerages Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen Victoria